慢性腎臟病是貓常見的系統性疾病之一18,且好發於老貓16。因此,獸研所想研發一款無論是健康的貓咪或是罹患慢性腎病第一期(IRIS Stage 1) 8的熟齡貓皆可當作每日正餐食用的腎臟保健主食罐。
除了符合美國飼料品管協會(Association of American Feed Control Officials, AAFCO), 美國國家科學研究委員會(National Research Council, NRC)和歐洲寵物食品產業聯盟(European Pet Food Industry Federation, FEDIAF)的基礎營養需求建議量1, 4, 21,也針對腎臟機能維持欲提供的產品功能性訂定營養基準:
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適當含量優質蛋白質:
慢性腎病初期的病貓,飲食上需適量限制蛋白質,以維持其體重及肌肉量7。因此,獸研所設定「適量含量優質蛋白」,以高品質的食材(雞胸肉、鮭魚和鮪魚肉為主,雞肝為輔),去滿足熟齡貓的營養需求及維持體態,並有助慢性腎病病貓對抗惡病質20,22。
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適量限磷及最佳鈣磷比:
慢性腎病病貓,其腎臟過濾廢物的功能下降,磷排出受到影響,造成磷的滯留,長期衍變成高血磷,高血磷又進而影響體內副甲狀腺素等一系列的激素調控,最後可能造成腎病繼發的副甲狀腺素亢進(MBD)等問題15。
過去許多研究顯示,單單限制磷的攝取,即可延緩貓慢性腎病的惡化2, 22。獸研所將本產品根據各國文獻17,19的建議,將磷含量控制在150-200mg/100kcal ME,也將鈣磷比控制在1.0-1.2,相對低磷,也讓健康的熟齡貓長期食用本產品不至於造成低血磷。
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功能性添加物:
茶胺酸(L-Theanine)是一種綠茶萃取而來的獨特胺基酸。研究發現,茶胺酸有助於貓情緒舒緩的效果3。壓力是造成貓下泌尿道疾病(FLUTD)的一大病因,而FLUTD也是造成貓慢性腎病的原因之一。因此,本產品添加茶胺酸,期許貓咪能有安穩的每一天。
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添加魚油、維生素與胺基酸:
除此之外,魚油也對老年動物的皮膚、關節和認知功能等有所助益。因此,獸研所以雞胸肉、鮭魚和鮪魚肉這些食材本身所帶的油脂,加入淬煉的雞油和魚油,並考量適口性和脂肪酸的比例去調配本產品。
(2)可溶性纖維可幫助部分含氮廢物轉由糞便排出,以減少腎臟負擔,對減緩慢性腎病惡化有所幫助2, 19。洋車前子含有可溶性和不可溶性纖維,除了腎臟保健之外,也有益於腸道機能的維持。
(3)飲食中添加抗氧化劑有助於貓慢性腎病病情的延緩7, 26。除此之外,老年動物許多身體機能的退化和體內自由基的氧化有關。因此,提升抗氧化劑的攝取對動物整體健康狀況是有所助益的2, 19, 26。本產品添加了天然抗氧化劑維生素C和維生素E,並提升其他水溶性維生素的含量,以彌補慢性腎病病貓的水溶性維生素於尿液中相對較大量的流失12。
(4)本產品也額外添加必須胺基酸,期望能更加彌補老年動物對蛋白質相對較低的消化能力,有助於防止肌肉流失,亦有助初期慢性腎病病貓身體質量指數及體重的維持7, 9, 22。
by 獸醫研發部門負責人|Dr. Liang
MSc in Animal Nutrition, University of Nottingham
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