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註冊新會員領50NT購物金,馬上領馬上用

獸研所貓咪舒壓泌尿保養主食罐|研發故事及參考文獻

        貓下泌尿道症候群(Feline lower urinary tract disease, FLUTD),常發生於 2-7 歲齡的成貓 6。 患病的貓會有血尿(hematuria)、頻尿(pollakiuria)、排尿困難(dysuria)、尿痛(stranguria),甚至是無 尿(anuria)等臨床症狀 22。根據研究統計,於 10 歲齡以下之成貓,造成 FLUTD 最常見的病因為貓 自發性膀胱炎(Feline idiopathic cystitis, FIC),其次則為泌尿道結石 4, 8, 14

  直到今日,FIC 的致病機制尚不清楚,但普遍認為,FIC 是由環境壓力引發神經內分泌系統的 變化,導致膀胱內的發炎反應 2, 12。許多獸醫醫學研究指出,飲水量減少、活動量降低、體重過 重、多貓家庭及情緒壓力…等,都可能為造成 FIC 的危險因子 12

  目前,FIC 還沒有治癒的方法,而治療的目標多以降低臨床症狀的嚴重程度,和延長疾病發作 間隔的時間為主。除了可藉由提升飲水量來緩解 FIC 以外 3, 23, 營養管理也是重要一環。據研究顯 示,將家貓的食物從乾飼料轉換為濕食 13, 20,可以顯著降低貓下泌尿道症候群的復發率。此外,情 緒壓力的緩和,更是改善 FIC 的重要因子。

  獸研所的成貓泌尿機能主食罐,除了符合美國飼料品管協會(Association of American Feed  Control Officials, AAFCO),美國國家科學研究委員會(National Research Council, NRC)和歐洲寵物 食品產業聯盟(European Pet Food Industry Federation, FEDIAF)的成貓基本營養需求建議量 1, 10, 21 之外,針對貓自發性膀胱炎的預防與管理上更加入了以下的功能性添加物:

1. N-乙醯葡萄糖胺 (N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine, NAG)

N-乙醯葡萄糖胺(NAG),有助於維持貓隻膀胱內皮的醣胺聚醣(Glycosaminoglycan, GAG)的含 量,而保護和修補受損的膀胱黏膜,而預防自發性膀胱炎造成的膀胱發炎 12,也可預防細菌及結 石附著於膀胱壁。據研究顯示,服用 NAG,對於 FIC 患貓的臨床症狀改善有所助益 11, 22

2. 左旋色氨酸 (L-Tryptophan) 

色氨酸是貓體內合成褪黑激素(melatonin)和血清素(serotonin)的前驅物。其中,色氨酸可藉由增 加血清素的濃度,而發揮減緩焦慮及穩定情緒的效果 2。研究指出,貓隻長期攝取添加左旋色氨 酸的食品,可顯著降低 FIC 的復發率 3, 20,也可改善家貓與焦慮相關的異常行為 11, 12, 16, 19, 23

3. 美國進口蔓越莓粉(Cranberry powder) 

蔓越莓(Vaccinium macrocarpon)含有豐富的原花青素(proanthocyanidins)。原花青素為一種可 避免細菌附著於膀胱壁的多酚類 7。另外,蔓越莓萃取物可抑制發炎反應中許多發炎相關物質的 活性 12。2021 年,也有研究指出,蔓越莓於減緩 FIC 患貓的下泌尿道症狀是有所助益的 7, 12

4. 茶胺酸(L-Theanine) 

茶胺酸,是一種由綠茶萃取而來的獨特胺基酸。由於其化學結構與一種大腦的興奮性神經傳遞物 質麩胺酸(glutamate)相似,使得茶胺酸可以和神經元上的受體結合,而減少了麩胺酸可和受體結 合的機會,進而促進放鬆和消除神經緊張,使得動物的情緒較為平靜。2018 年,也有文獻指 出,茶胺酸對於貓的情緒舒緩有所助益 9

5. 富含 ω3 脂肪酸的魚油

魚油為 EPA 和 DHA 的主要來源,EPA 和 DHA 屬於 ω3 脂肪酸 17。而 ω3 脂肪酸具有抗發炎及 抗氧化的功能。研究顯示,攝取 ω3 脂肪酸含量較高的飲食有助於降低貓 FIC 的復發率 11, 12, 15,  20。另外,魚油對於腎臟病、骨關節炎、皮膚疾病…等的控制亦有所助益 4, 5, 6, 18

        獸研所的成貓泌尿機能主食罐,除了高含水量外,也以優質的動物性蛋白為主要熱量來源。動 物性蛋白除了雞胸肉、鮭魚和鮪魚等,也佐以雞肝,以提供成貓蛋白質的營養基礎。脂質的部分, 則以雞油和魚油作為主要食材。主食罐內也加入維生素與礦物質,且額外添加必需胺基酸。此外,
加入洋車前子膳食纖維,以維護腸道蠕動機能。本產品內更添加 N-乙醯葡萄糖胺、左旋色氨酸、茶 胺酸、蔓越莓粉及 ω3 脂肪酸,並搭配天然抗氧化劑維生素 E 以預防及緩解貓下泌尿道症候群的發 生 13,期許能讓他們安穩的度過每一天。

  針對成貓泌尿道疾病的管理,除了飲食之外,提升飲水量,以及環境豐富化都是很重要的!3, 22 飼主們應盡量逐步營造能降低貓咪情緒壓力的環境。例如,提供多處新鮮的水源、足夠數量的貓砂 盆,以及準備貓抓板和跳台等 23。再加上以本產品做為貓咪日常生活的主食,期許各位飼主家裡心 愛的貓咪們能遠離 FLUTD。

By 獸醫研發部門負責人|Dr. Liang


參考文獻:

  1. AAFCO, Association of American Feed Control Officials (2014) The AAFCO Dog and Cat Food  Nutrient Profiles. 
  2. Ann Wortinger, Kara M. Burns (2015) Nutrition and Disease Management for Veterinary  Technicians and Nurses, 2nd Edition. 
  3. Ashley Self (2021) Nutrition and Behavior Therapy for Feline Idiopathic Cystitis. [Online]  todaysveterinarynurse.com. Available at: https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/nutrition/nutrition and-behavior-therapy-for-feline-idiopathic-cystitis/ [Accessed: 08, June, 2023] 
  4. Bartges, J. W., and Kirk, C. A. (2006) Nutrition and lower urinary tract disease in cats.  Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 36(6), 1361-1376. 
  5. Bauer, J. E. (2011) Therapeutic use of fish oils in companion animals. Journal of the American  Veterinary Medical Association, 239(11), 1441-1451. 
  6. Case., et al. (2011) Canine and Feline Nutrition, 3rd edition. 
  7. Colombino, E., Cavana, P., Martello, E., et al. (2022) A new diet supplement formulation  containing cranberry extract for the treatment of feline idiopathic cystitis. Natural Product  Research, 36(11), 2884-2887. 
  8. Dijcker, J. C., Plantinga, E. A., Van Baal, J., et al. (2011) Influence of nutrition on feline calcium  oxalate urolithiasis with emphasis on endogenous oxalate synthesis. Nutrition research  reviews, 24(1), 96-110. 
  9. Dramard V, et al. (2018) Effect of l-theanine tablets in reducing stress-related emotional signs  in cats: an open-label field study. Ir Vet J;71:21. 
  10. FEDIAF, European Pet Food Industry Federation (2020) Nutritional Guidelines for Complete  and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs. 
  11. Forrester, S. D., and Towell, T. L. (2015) Feline idiopathic cystitis. Veterinary Clinics: Small  Animal Practice, 45(4), 783-806. 
  12. He, C., Fan, K., Hao, Z., et al. (2022) Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Potential  Biomarkers and Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: An Update Review. Frontiers in  Veterinary Science, 9. 
  13. Kara M. Burns. (2018) Nutrient strategies for managing those (FIC)kle FLUTD cases. [Online]  www.dvm360.com Available at: https://www.dvm360.com/view/nutrient-strategies-managing those-fickle-flutd-cases [Accessed: 08, June, 2023] 
  14. Kaul, E., Hartmann, K., Reese, S., et al. (2020) Recurrence rate and long-term course of cats  with feline lower urinary tract disease. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 22(6), 544-556. 15.Kruger, J. M., Lulich, J. P., MacLeay, J., et al. (2015) Comparison of foods with differing 
  15. nutritional profiles for long-term management of acute nonobstructive idiopathic cystitis in cats.  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 247(5), 508-517. 
  16. Landsberg, G., Milgram, B., Mougeot, I., et al. (2017) Therapeutic effects of an alpha casozepine and L-tryptophan supplemented diet on fear and anxiety in the cat. Journal of feline  medicine and surgery, 19(6), 594-602. 
  17. Lenox, C. E. (2016). Role of dietary fatty acids in dogs & cats. Today Vet. Pract.
  18. Magalhaes, T. R., Lourenco, A. L., Gregorio, H., et al. (2021) Therapeutic Effect of EPA/DHA  Supplementation in Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Companion Animal Diseases: A Systematic  Review. in vivo, 35(3), 1419-1436. 
  19. Meyer, H. P., and Bečvářová, I. (2016) Effects of a Urinary Food Supplemented with Milk  Protein Hydrolysate and L-tryptophan on Feline Idiopathic Cystitis–Results of a Case Series in  10 Cats. International Journal of applied research in veterinary medicine, 14(1).
  20. Naarden, B., and Corbee, R. J. (2020) The effect of a therapeutic urinary stress diet on the  short‐term recurrence of feline idiopathic cystitis. Veterinary medicine and science, 6(1), 32-38. 
  21. NRC, National Research Council (2006) Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats.
  22. Panchaphanpong, Jinnapat, Tanong Asawakarn, and Rosama Pusoonthornthum. (2011)  Effects of oral administration of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine on plasma and urine concentrations of  glycosaminoglycans in cats with idiopathic cystitis. American journal of veterinary research  72.6: 843-850. 
  23. Westropp, J. L., Delgado, M., and Buffington, C. T. (2019) Chronic lower urinary tract signs in  cats: current understanding of pathophysiology and management. Veterinary Clinics: Small  Animal Practice, 49(2), 187-209.